History Of Pakistan

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Capital: Islamabad
Language: Urdu
Religion: Islam
Currency: Pakistani Rupees        

             The HISTORY of PAKISTAN encompasses the history of the region constituting modern Pakistan. Prior to independence in 1947, the land that is now Pakistan was ruled in different periods by local kings and numerous imperial powers. The ancient history of the comprising present day Pakistan also includes some of the oldest empires of Indian Subcontinent and sum of its major civilizations.
               
                  By the 18th century the land was incorporated into British India. Pakistan's Political History began with the birth of the All Indian Muslim League in 1906 to protect "Muslim interests,amid neglect and under-representation" and to oppose Congress and growing Indian nationalism in return the BRITISH RAJ would decide to grant local self rule.

                   On 29 December 1930, Philosopher Muhammad Iqbal called for an autonomous new state in "northwestern India for Indian Muslims". The league rose to popularity in late 1930's. Muhammad Ali Jinnah espoused the Two Nation Theory and led the league to adopt the Lahore resolution of 1940, demanding the formation of independent states in the east and the west of British India. Eventually, a successful Moment led by Jinnah gained independence from the British, on 14 AUGUST 1947.
           
                   On 12 March 1949, the first constituent assembly of Pakistan passed the objective resolution which was proposed by the first Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan proclaimed that the future constitution of Pakistan would not be modeled entirely on a European pattern, but on the ideology and democratic faith of Islam. The legislative Elections in 1954 saw the Awami League coming to power and its  leader Huseyn Suhrawardy becoming countries first Bengali Prime Minister. Promulgation of constitution in 1956 lead to Pakistan declaring itself Islamic Republic (official name) with the adoption of Parliamentary democratic system of government. The constitution transformed the Governor General of Pakistan into President of Pakistan (as head of state). Subsequently, Iskander Mirza became the first President as well as first Bengali in 1956, but the democratic system was stalled after President Mirza imposed the military coup d'etat and appointed Ayub Khan as an enforcer of material Law. Two weeks later, President Mirza was ousted by Ayub Khan; his Presidency saw an era of internal instability and a secondary war with India In 1965. Economic grievances and political disenfranchisement in east Pakistan led to violent political tensions and armed repression, escalating into Guerrilla war followed by the third war with India. After an intense guerrilla insurgency, followed by war with India, the state of East Pakistan seperated at a considerable distance from the rest of Pakistan and became the independent state of Bangladesh in 1971.
                                   
                    Pakistan's defeat in the war ultimately led to the secession of East Pakistan and the birth of  Bangladesh.
             
                      Democracy again returned which was resumed from 1972 to 1977 under leftest PPP led by the Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, untill he was vanquished by General Zia-ul-Haq , who became the third military President. Pakistan's Banished secular policies were replaced by the New Islamic SHARIAH legal code, which increased religious influences on the civil service and the military. With the death of President Zia-ul-Haq in 1988, the general elections announced the victory of PPP led by Benazir Bhutto who was elevated as the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan over the next decade, she alternated power with conservative Pakistan Muslim League-N (PMLN) led by Nawaz Sharif, as the country's political and economic situation becoming worsen. Military tensions in the Kargil conflict with India were followed by a 1999 coup d'etat in which General pervez Musharraf assumed executive powers.
           
                       Self appointing himself as President after the Resignation of President Rafiq Tara, Musharraf held nation wide general elections in 2002 to transfer the executive powers to newly elected Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali, who was succeeded in 2004 by Shoukat Aziz. During the election compaign in 2007 following the Parliament completing its term on 15 November 2007. Benazir Bhutto was assassinated which resulted in a series of important political developments when left-wing alliance led by PPP. The Historic general elections held in 2013 marked the return of PML(N) coming to national prominence with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif assuming the leadership of the country for the third time in the History.